Many forms of modern diagnostics are based on antigen-based sensing as it allows for specific analytes to be measured in a complex protein mixture. These assays can be used to measure a wide variety of analytes and can be used in the diagnosis of a large number of diseases and medical conditions. As a result, antigen-based sensing is commonly used in medical research labs, as well as in diagnostics.
However, the current capture probes often utilized in various types of antigen-based sensing present several challenges. This is because the binding of these probes, although affinity based, is irreversible. This causes several problems, such as the need for frequent calibration, as there is a strong time dependence on the amount of analyte that is able to bind to the surface. Furthermore, it can increase measurement error as the signal used for measurement is constantly changing.
Dr. Heikenfeld has invented a depletion-limited analyte sensing scheme where the irreversible capture probes are able to capture most of or all of the analyte in the sample fluid. This remedies many of the limitations present in current capture probes through the creation of novel and advanced interplays that effectively allow the sensors to measure an analyte of interest. Additionally, this sensing scheme allows for the adjustment of sample volume and probe density or concentration for a more accurate detection range. This allows for a more rapid and accurate signal for measurement of the concentration of analytes.